UMYUK Journal of Economics and Development
The UMYUK Journal of Economics and Development (UJED) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published by the Department of Economics, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina, Nigeria. The journal publishes high-quality theoretical, empirical, and methodological research that advances knowledge in economics and development studies. UJED provides an international platform for the dissemination of research that integrates economic theory with practical development issues and policy analysis. The journal welcomes original research articles, methodological papers, theoretical studies, and scholarly book reviews from authors worldwide. UJED is published biannually (June and December) and operates a blind peer-review process to ensure academic rigor, objectivity, and ethical publishing standards.
Umaru Musa Yar'adua University Katsina, NG
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Effects of foreign Direct Investment on Environmental Pollution in West Africa
West African countries face a dual challenge of fostering economic growth while addressing rising environmental pollution. This study examined how foreign direct investment affects environmental pollution in West Africa, using panel data from 16 countries in the region spanning 1996 to 2022. The variables included in the analysis were ecological footprint (as an indicator of environmental pollution), net inflows of foreign direct investment in current US dollars, renewable energy consumption, and urbanization. The data were analyzed using a panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The findings indicate that foreign direct investment leads to increased environmental pollution in both the short-term and long-term. This outcome supports the pollution haven hypothesis in the context of West Africa. Based on these results, it is recommended that policymakers enhance monitoring and enforcement of environmental regulations. It is crucial to strike a balance between promoting foreign direct investment and ensuring environmental sustainability in West Africa
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Trade Openness, Financial Development, and Environmental Pollution in Nigeria: Evidence From Toda-Yamamoto Causality Approach
This study examines the causal relationships between trade openness, financial development, and environmental pollution in Nigeria (1980–2023) using the Toda-Yamamoto causality approach. Stationarity tests using both ADF & PP were conducted and the results indicated mixed integration order in the variables.as an in important step in toda-yamamoto test maximum lag selection tests were conducted and the optimum lag was selected based on the outcome of various lag selection criteria. Results from TY estimates revealed a unidirectional causality from trade openness to CO₂ emissions, implying that increased foreign trade activities may elevate the level of environmental pollution in Nigeria. It was also discovered that no causal link was found between financial development and CO₂ emissions. Policy recommendations include regulating polluting imports and promoting sustainable financial sector growth as well as green finance incentives, trade regulations and renewable energy adoption.
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Augmented Reality Marketing and Brand Loyalty in the Nigerian Beauty Industry
This study investigated the impact of Augmented Reality Marketing on Brand Loyalty in the Nigerian Beauty Industry Particularly Virtual Try-On (VTO)-AR feature. An online-based survey research design was adopted for the study. The population comprises of two hundred (200) consumers who buy Beauty products in Nigeria with a sample size of One hundred (100) respondents. Purposive sampling techniques was utilized for the study. The study was driven by primary and secondary data. The data was analyzed using correlation and multiple regression analysis as analytical tools. Findings revealed that Interactivity has a significant effect on brand loyalty, Innovativeness has significant effect on brand loyalty, Vividness has significant effect on Brand Loyalty and AE experience has significant effect on Brand Loyalty. The study concluded that Fostering Interactivity through digital platforms, loyalty programs, and responsive customer service is crucial for brand success in the competitive beauty market. The study recommends that Beauty brands should invest in interactive digital strategies such as social media marketing, live chats, and influencer collaborations to create a dynamic customer experience.
Department of Social Sciences, State College of Basic and Remedial Studies Sokoto, Sokoto State – Nigeria
The study investigated the effect of Manufacturing Output on Economic Growth in Nigeria. The study employed ex-post annual time-series data. The Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) estimation technique was used to establish the long run relationship among the variables. The study found evidence of cointegration among the variables. The study shown that Manufacturing Output only has short and long-run effects on the Economic Growth. Findings of the study revealed that manufacturing sector output has a positive and strong effect on economic growth in Nigeria. This is in line with economic a priori expectation of economic theories. As manifested from the findings of this study recommended collaboration between the major stakeholders of the manufacturing industries so as to increase the performance of the manufacturing sector for rapid economic growth and development.
Border Closure: An Anti-Smuggling Policy and The Nigeria’s Quest for Food, Security and Sustainable Development
Evaluating security progress, development components and the reasons behind any setback is the key to gaining insight into Nigeria’s border closure policy. This study assessed the impact of Nigeria’s border closure on the country’s overall economic progress, food and national security. Using annual time-series data spanning from 2015 to 2024, descriptive statistics are used as tool of analysis to show the trends of the variables. In the analysis, variables such as GDP, food inflation rate and defense and security expenditure were examined. Findings showed that border closure has a significant positive effect on GDP, as GDP growth rates show mixed trends, with periods of growth and others of decline; it also has a significant positive effect on security. For food security, though food inflation rate eased to its lowest the results showed significant positive effect. The study recommends that government should remove flawed economic policies and adopt suitable economic development blueprint. As a major regional player, Nigeria should prioritize trade in agricultural goods as investments in agro-processing can add values to row products and provide the steady inflow of locally available raw materials. This would in turn provide a unique opportunity for Nigeria to diversify its economy, create job opportunities in sectors that have historically underdeveloped. Regular reviews of economic policies help in making needed adjustment, identifying unintended consequences, and ensuring the policy's effectiveness. There’s also the need to create special (regional) joint border force to safeguard the Nigeria’s international borders without unwanted economic disruption.
Corporate Governance, Gender Diversity and Risk Management in Saudi Arabian Banks
This study empirically investigates the impacts of corporate governance and gender diversity on the comprehensive risk profile of twelve (12) Saudi Arabian Banks, encompassing total, credit, market, and operational risks. Using a longitudinal dataset from 2014 to 2023, the analysis employs panel data methods, such as Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Fixed Effects, and Random Effects models to ensure robust estimations. The findings reveal a mixed relationship. While certain governance mechanisms and increased gender diversity align with the study's hypothesis by demonstrating a significant mitigating effect on specific risk categories, other results present contradictions, suggesting a more complex interplay. Justifications for these divergent outcomes are explored, considering contextual and industry-specific factors. The study concludes by providing targeted recommendations for policymakers, regulators, and corporate boards to refine governance structures and diversity policies for improved risk oversight and organizational flexibility.
The Dynamic Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility and Money Supply on Inflation in Nigeria: Empirical Evidence from ARDL Bound Testing Approach.
This study analyzes the impacts of exchange rate and money supply on inflation in Nigeria from 1986 to 2023 using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) framework and annual data from the Central Bank of Nigeria and the National Bureau of Statistics. Anchored on the Exchange Rate Pass-Through theory, unit-root and bounds tests reveal a mixed order of integration and no evidence of long-run cointegration among the variables. Short-run estimates highlight a strong contemporaneous inflationary impact of money supply (LMS = 2.65, p < 0.01) followed by a significant corrective lag (LMS(–1) = –2.13, p < 0.05). Government capital expenditure dampens prices both immediately (–0.64, p < 0.05) and with a lag (–0.68, p < 0.05), while the monetary policy rate provides a modest disinflationary impact (–0.06, p < 0.05). In contrast, exchange rate fluctuations, government recurrent expenditure, and economic growth are statistically insignificant. These findings emphasize the need for tighter monetary control, sustained capital spending, and a transparent, market-reflective exchange-rate regime to stabilize prices and manage inflationary pressures in Nigeria.
Managerial Ownership Structure and Market Share Price of Quoted Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria
This study investigated the effect of managerial ownership structure (MNO) on the market share price (MSP) of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria over 2013-2023 period. The data collected on 40 firms was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and the dynamic generalized method of moment analysis (GMM). The results indicated that MNO is statistically significant driver of MSP (t-stat. of 68.9098 and a p-val. of 0.0000). The findings suggest that managerial ownership structure has a noteworthy effect on the market share price of listed Nigerian manufacturing firms. The research therefore recommends that firms should implement equity-based compensation structures that align managerial incentives with long-term shareholder value, while preventing excessive control that could lead to entrenchment.
Impact of Energy Consumption on Economic Growth in Nigeria
Nigeria is a country blessed with vast energy resources. However, the country has not substantially benefitted economically from this resource. Although, energy consumption leads to economic growth but the indices of economic development speak otherwise. This study examined the impact of energy consumption on economic growth in Nigeria using time series data for the period of 1980 to 2020. The study adopted the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) co-integration model to achieve objectives of the study. The results reveal a significant positive impact of energy consumption (particularly electricity consumption) on economic growth in Nigeria. Therefore, this study concludes that the interplay between energy consumption and economic growth is substantial in Nigeria. More to that, the study recommends that those in authority should strategise more to further enhance energy efficiency and strengthen sustainable energy sources to significantly foster economic development.
Impact of Taxation on Economic Growth of Nigeria
Tax is an essential tool for revenue generation, and all governments across the World, including Nigeria uses it to generate revenue for public expenditure. The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of taxation on economic growth of Nigeria, during 2005 to 2024. The study employed Autoregressive Distributive lag (ARDL) model to access the dynamic relationship between taxes and economic growth of Nigeria, using the data sourced from central bank of Nigeria (CBN), Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The Oil-tax revenue (ORR) and non-oil tax revenue (NOR) were the two major tax components analised as independent variables with inflation rate (INF) and government expenditure (GOV) as control variables. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was used as a proxy of of Economic growth of Nigeria, serving the dependent variable. The study revealed that ORR has a statistically significant and positive impact on the GDP of Nigeria, during both short-run and long run period, NOR on the other hand has a statistically insignificant positive and significantly negative impact on the GDP of Nigeria, during short-run and long run period. The study concluded that Oil-tax revenue remains a significant tax income to the GDP of Nigeria and therefore, recommended to the government among others: a continuous Oil- tax policies for its positive impacts and review non-oil tax policies and administration for a broad tax based and sound economic growth in Nigeria.
Public Health Spending and Economic Growth: Fresh Evidence from Nigeria
Given that the linkage between public health spending and economic growth remains unclear, it is crucial to explore how the public health spending affect economic growth in Nigeria. This study provides empirical evidence on the public health spending and economic growth nexus in Nigeria, using annual data spanning 1986–2024. Employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds Test approach, the analysis captures both the short-run and long-run dynamics of this relationship. The findings indicate that a one percent increase in government expenditure on health is associated with a 0.7011 percent rise in economic growth in the long run. Robustness checks confirmed sensitivity to alternative measures, particularly when health spending was assessed on a per capita basis. The study supports the health-led growth hypothesis in Nigeria and recommends continuous monitoring and evaluation of health policies and programmes to ensure effective resource allocation and achievement of intended outcomes.
Impact of Social Investment Programmes on Youth Development in Sokoto Metropolis, Sokoto State Nigeria
This study examined the impact of social investment programmes (SIPs) on youth development in Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria, addressing the high youth unemployment and social vices prevalent in the region. Guided by Human Capital and Life Course Theories, the research employed quantitative design, utilizing structured questionnaires administered to 200 youth beneficiaries and key informants through stratified random sampling. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and thematic analysis to explore perceptions and programme outcomes. Findings from the analysis revealed high participation rates and positive perceptions of programme effectiveness, notably in education, economic empowerment and social cohesion. However, challenges such as financial constraints, resource shortages and logistical barriers persisted, limiting full realization of programme benefits. The demographic profile indicated predominantly young, male and educated group actively engaged in initiatives. The study concludes that while SIPs are valued and have potential to foster youth resilience and social mobility, addressing implementation challenges is critical. Recommendations include expanding outreach and accessibility, increasing funding and mentorship, establishing on-going support systems, fostering community engagement and implementing continuous assessment and feedback mechanisms. These policy actions aim to enhance the sustainability, reach and effectiveness of social investment programmes, ultimately promoting more inclusive and impactful youth development in Sokoto metropolis.
Does Flood Influence Migration Decisions Among Rural Farmers in Niger State, Nigeria?
Flood has been a major challenge among rural farmers in Nigeria and Niger state in particular with attendant economic consequences. This study investigates the relationship between flood and migration decisions among rural farmers in Niger state, Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive research design and utilized multiple regression technique in analyzing primary data obtained from 305 respondents who returned the questionnaire, out of the 361 selected farmers from across the three senatorial zones of Niger State. In line with the objectives, primary data were obtained through questionnaire. Specifically, from the regression results, it was discovered that Frequency of flood and farmland destruction positively and significantly influence rural farmer’s migration decision in Niger state. These imply that frequent flooding would continue to motivate rural farmers to migrate to other communities and total destructions of farmlands can also cause farmers to move to other farming locations for survival. However, the regression result also showed that Crops yield losses, livestock losses, and shelter displacements all show insignificant influences on rural farmer’s migration decisions. These imply that crop yield losses and livestock losses do not motivate rural farmer’s migration decision, and farmers could rebuild their houses to continue carrying on with their farming activities without necessarily migrating to other communities. The study therefore recommends that policymakers should develop targeted, community-based adaptation strategies that account for the strong cultural ties rural farmers have to their ancestral lands, focusing on temporary relocation support and flood-resilient agricultural practices to mitigate the impact of flood on livelihood.
Strategic Planning and the Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
This study examined strategic planning and performance of Deposit money banks in Calabar, Cross River State. The specific objectives of the study were to: examine the influence of strategy formulation on performance of Deposit money banks, to assess the effect of strategy implementation on performance of Deposit money banks, and to investigate the effect of strategy evaluation on performance of Deposit money banks. Primary sources of data was employed in the study. The study adopted multiple regression techniques to establish the effect of the independent on the dependent variable. Findings revealed that strategy formulation has effect on performance of Deposit money banks, strategy implementation has effect on performance of Deposit money banks and strategy evaluation has effect on performance of Deposit money banks. The study recommended that management of banks should formulate strategies that will give their bank an edge over competitors, also recommended that management of banks should ensure frequent evaluation of existing strategies and formulate new ones to reinforce the existing strategies where necessary. Management should also ensure effective implementation of existing strategies to ensure the success and long-term sustainability of the bank.
Analysis of the Extent to Which Financial Services are Used for Household Consumption and Investment in Southwestern Nigeria
The significance of access to finance to economic growth and development are documented in literature. However, the extent to which financial services are used for consumption and investment at regional level in Nigeria is underexplored. This study therefore examines the extent to which formal (in comparison with informal) financial services are used for household consumption and investment in southwestern Nigeria. Descriptive analysis of data reveals that households in southwestern Nigeria invested in physical and human capital as well as financial and technological assets, and use both formal and informal financial services for consumption. The logistic regression result shows that households who use formal financial services tend to use it more for investment purposes than consumption, and that future higher income, growth and development are guaranteed when household have access to financial services. Thus a policy that takes formal banking services to the door step of qualified individual at affordable price should be strengthened. Besides, a strong investment on financial literacy, and strong regulatory reform and capacity building for the expansion of access and protection against financial insecurity and instability will as well direct a path to growth and development.
The Effect of Access to Finance on the Performance of Women-Owned SMEs in Nigeria: Evidence From Borno State
Women entrepreneurs play a vital role in economic development through job creation, innovation, and poverty reduction; however, limited access to finance remains a major constraint to their growth and sustainability. This paper evaluates the effects of access to finance on the performance of women-owned Small and Medium Enterprises in Borno state. Nigeria. Data were obtained from primary and secondary sources through structured questionnaire and documents from relevant institutions. Statistical estimations were conducted using correlation, regression, frequency and percentage methods. Key variable in the study include access to finance and business performance indicators such as revenue growth, employee count, and market expansion. The findings indicate that access to finance plays a significant role in enabling women entrepreneurs in Nigeria to grow their businesses and contribute to economic growth. however, the study also reveals that limited access to collateral and high interest rate hinders women’s entrepreneurial ventures. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between access to finance and SME performance, indicating that improved financial inclusion enhances the operational capacity and competitiveness of women entrepreneurs. The study concludes that addressing financial barriers through gender-sensitive credit policies, capacity building, and institutional support can foster the growth of women-owned enterprises and contribute meaningfully to national economic development. The study recommended that the government prioritize gender sensitive credit schemes. Promotes alternative forms of collateral and encourage public private partnership to support women entrepreneurs
Conflict and Agricultural Investment in Nigeria: A Spatial Analysis of Recent Trends
This study examines the complex relationship between conflict and agricultural investment in Nigeria from 2010 to 2024, employing advanced spatial econometric methods to analyze spillover effects and regional interdependencies. Using data from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Database (ACLED), Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), and various investment databases, we construct a state-year panel dataset covering all 36 Nigerian states plus the Federal Capital Territory. Our analysis reveals significant negative direct and indirect effects of conflict on agricultural investment, with particularly pronounced impacts in the Northeast and Northwest regions. The Spatial Durbin Model results indicate that a one-unit increase in conflict events reduces local agricultural FDI by 13.4% while generating negative spillovers of 8.9% in neighbouring states, for a total effect of -22.3%. Policy implications include the need for spatially-targeted interventions, cross-state coordination mechanisms, and conflict-sensitive agricultural development programs that account for both direct and spillover effects.
Human Capital Development, Labour Migration and Remittance Inflows: Evidence From The Nigerian Economy
With increasing level of globalization and labour mobility across international borders, capital transfers and remittances are substantially deepened in affected economies. This development could open the space for higher level of economic growth in several economies. The main objective of this paper is to examine the asymmetric nexus among these variables, to establish the impact of human capital development, labour migration and remittances on the growth of the Nigerian economy from the period of 1990 to 2024. The paper was indebted to Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model as an estimation technique. Data were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical bulletin and the World Bank Development Indicator (WDI). From the result, it was revealed that human capital development as captured by HDI, and rremittances Inflows positively and significantly impact on economic growth in the short run. The coefficient of the Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) was properly signed and significant.Thus, the shocks generated by the explanatory variables can be corrected to restore equilibrium and the adjustment process demonstrates the dynamics existing between dependent and the independent variables. It revealed that about 62 percent of the previous year shocks in economic growth is offset every 12months. It is therefore recommended that the human capital should well developed since the quality of human capital enhances the inflow of remittances and consequently economic growth.
Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Public Revenue on Economic Growth in Nigeria
The study investigates the empirical analysis of the impact of public revenue components on economic growth of Nigeria. Time series data were employed, covering the periods of 1992 to 2024. The study employed Autoregressive distribute lag modeling (ARDL) bound test to cointegration in estimating the variables, results of the Bound test reveals existence of long run relationship among the variables. Findings of the study have shown negative and statistical relevance of oil revenue on economic growth by -13.23% in the long run. The remaining revenue components; LNTR, LLBRF and LTR exhibits positive long run and statistical significance in influencing economic growth of Nigeria by 6.744, 44.512 and 20.358 respectively. Furthermore, the LOR in the current (t) and past periods (t-1) indicates negative and positive statistical significance to economic growth of Nigeria. Moreover, LTR had shown positive increase to GDP. However, the LTR in the current and past periods have shown positive incremental percentage change to GDP. Accordingly, the ECM cointegration equation satisfies its negative, less than unity statistical significance and equilibrium reversion to the long run from the short run truncation. Therefore, the study recommends speedy execution of petroleum industry bill act in to usage, this could promote local content exploration, production, distribution and commercialization, in turn, and these could yields to more revenue accruals which triggers growth. In addition, appropriate measures are supposed to be put in place in safeguarding Nigeria’s oil facilities from vandalism and thievery, which could eventually increase the total oil output that generates more revenue to the country. Diversification in non-oil revenue generating sectors is also indispensable in the short and long run horizon.
Economic Diversification through Solid Minerals Sector in Nigeria: Potentials, Challenges and Prospect
This study examined the potentials, challenges and prospect of solid minerals sector of the Nigerian economy; with emphasis to factors responsible for the low performance of the sector in terms of contribution to GDP, export and employment generation. This sector has prospect to promote economic diversification drive of the Federal Government of Nigeria if well developed and managed. Despite government efforts over the years to reposition and revitalize it through legislation, regulation and investment; its optimum output in terms of wealth creation, government revenue, employment generation have been hampered by a number of factors that did not allow the sector to prosper as planned. The study employed Documentary Research Method (DRM) as a source of data; and document analysis in interpreting and presenting research findings. From 1981 – 2022, solid mineral had a positive but statistically insignificant impact on the Nigerian economic growth including export. Nigeria’s Mining and Quarrying sector contributed 7.72% to the overall GDP in the third quarter of 2024, while it recorded 8.32% in the third quarter of 2023 according to the NBS report, 2024. Some of the challenges of the sector include access to high capital and technology; insecurity; poor private sector investment, energy intensive, local human capital, artisanal mining, illegal mining in many solid minerals’ sites, value addition, developing and building investors’ confidence as well as regulatory framework that can guarantee fair fiscal regime among others. In view of this, there is the need for the Federal Government of Nigeria through Nigerian Geological Survey Agency (NGSA) to provide data about locations of solid minerals in commercial quantities in the country for attracting local and foreign investment. Next is to ensure political stability and security in the country; promote forward and backward linkages in the solid minerals sector; provide basic infrastructure and address illegal mining activities across the mining sites in the country.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sani Garba Wakili, Yakaka Abubakar, Mohammed Baba Adamu, Ahmed Adamu Jajere (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Impact of Oil and Gas Revenue on Poverty in Nigeria
This paper investigated the impact of oil and gas revenue on poverty in Nigeria using annual time series data spanned from 1981 to 2022. Firstly, unit root test was conducted and the result shows that all the variables were stationary. The study employed the autoregressive and distributed lag (ARDL) Model of estimation. The result shows that, oil and gas revenue has negative and significant impact on poverty in short run Meaning that if the oil revenue is increase, there will be an increase in income and consumption of the people through government intervention on poverty alleviation programs which would ultimately reduce poverty in the short run. While the long run result indicates that, oil revenue has a positive and significance relationships with poverty. Meaning that, increase in oil revenue also increases in poverty which may be as a result of corruption and mismanagement of oil wealth. The study recommends that Nigerian government should implements the overall comprehensive approach that addresses the economic, social, and environmental dimension of poverty. The approaches such as economic empowerment, social protection, investing in human capital, environmental sustainability and good governance are very essential in poverty reduction strategy.
The Prospects of Cash Waqf in Enhancing Healthcare Services: Evidence from Kano State, Nigeria
Islamic finance provides a faith-based framework for social and economic development grounded in equity, justice, and compassion. Within this framework, waqf (Islamic endowment) and its modern adaptation cash waqf serve as instruments of infāq (benevolence) for advancing community welfare. This study examines the prospects of cash waqf as an innovative Islamic financial model to bridge healthcare funding gaps and promote sustainable community health development. Using a qualitative research design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with healthcare workers, beneficiaries, and religious leaders, and analyzed thematically. The findings reveal that cash waqf can complement public funding by ensuring financial consistency, improving accessibility, and enhancing service efficiency. Moreover, it embodies Islamic principles of taʿāwun (mutual assistance) and ʿadl ijtimāʿī (social justice). The study concludes that institutionalizing cash waqf within Kano’s healthcare system can strengthen health equity, promote shared responsibility, and foster sustainable development in line with the Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah (objectives of Islamic law). It recommends structured policy integration between waqf authorities and governmental health agencies, enhanced transparency in fund management, and sustained public education on cash waqf as a viable healthcare financing model.
Impact Of Temperature And Rainfall Variabilities on Maize Production in Katsina State, Nigeria
The study assessed the impact of temperature and rainfall variabilities on maize production in Katsina State. Secondary data on maize yield, rainfall and temperature of 31 years (1990 - 2020) were used. Descriptive statistics and regression trend lines were used to analyse the data. All the variables showed increasing trend in their variabilities. The coefficient of the slope trend line of temperature, rainfall and yield were 0.0316, 6.1027 and 0.5086, respectively. The year 2001 has the lowest mean temperature (25.88 0C), while in 2019 the state experienced the highest mean temperature (27.75 0C). The mean temperature increased from 2001 to 2006 (25.880C - 27.350C). It decreased from 2006 to 2009 (27.530C - 26.010C). In 1994 and 1995 there was sharp decrease in rainfall (967.20 mm - 715.63 mm), which was followed by an increase up to 1998 (1143.88 mm). During the two periods there were declining (1.27 tons/ha - 1.18 tons/ha) and increasing (1.18 tons/ha-1.32 tons/ha) trend of maize yield. From 2006 to 2007 there was sharp decrease (1.59 tons/ha to 1.08 tons/ha) in maize yield. From 2016 to 2018 there was sharp increase (1.30 ton/ha - 2.17 ton/ha) in maize yield. It is concluded that variabilities of temperature and rainfall in Katsina State affected maize yield. Policy makers should help in providing appropriate coping strategies against variabilities of climate elements; the maize farmers should adopt appropriate coping strategies that could help in decreasing the adverse effects of variabilities of climate elements.
Impact of Health Expenditure on Maternal and Child Health Outcomes in Nigeria: Evidence From NDHS Data
Maternal and child health (MCH) outcomes in Nigeria remain poor, with maternal mortality exceeding 500 per 100,000 live births and under-five mortality at 102 per 1,000 far above global targets. This study investigates how health expenditure influences these outcomes using Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2018 and 2023–24, World Bank and WHO datasets. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was applied to analyze long- and short-run effects of public health expenditure (PHE) and out-of-pocket (OOP) spending on MMR and U5MR. Results show that Nigeria’s public health spending averages only 0.55% of GDP, while households contribute over 60% of total health expenditure. ARDL findings indicate that higher PHE significantly reduces mortality, while increased OOP payments worsen outcomes. The error correction term confirms a strong long-run relationship. The study concludes and recommends that improving public financing, expanding insurance coverage, reducing OOP payments, improving equity across geopolitical zones, and strengthening monitoring systems are essential to achieving SDG 3 on maternal and child survival.
An Assessment of the Impact of Monetization Policy on Staff Productivity in Selected Federal Parastatals, in Nigeria
This study assessed the impact of the implementation of the monetisation policy on staff productivity in selected Federal Parastatals. The study was anchored on the scientific management theory and adopted a mix method research design. Primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data were collected through the administration of questionnaire and conduct of interviews. The study population comprised 574 staffs from the parastatals which include Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC). Simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 116 respondents, representing 20% of the study population. Interview was conducted with six Directors, two from each Parastatals. The data collected were analysed using inferential statistics and content analysis. The result showed that implementation of monetisation policy has positively affected staff productivity in the Federal Parastatals. The inferential statistics revealed that the implementation of monetisation policy positively affected staff productivity in the federal parastatals with p<0.05. The results also showed that productivity of staff is enhanced by 0.812 unit as the Government consolidates on the implementation of monetisation policy. Furthermore, the result revealed that the variation in productivity is accounted for by 29.36%. The challenges confronting implementation of monetisation policy in the Federal Parastatals included management of the policy within the tax structure and inadequate funding. The study concluded that monetisation policy has increased staff productivity in Federal Parastatals in Nigeria with challenges in implementation such as unavailability of fund and managing the policy within the existing tax laws.
Assessment of Staff Welfare on Mental Well-Being: A Case Study of Academic Staff of Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State
Employee welfare and mental well-being are intertwined: adequate welfare provision promotes psychological resilience, while neglect of welfare undermines the mental stability necessary for academic effectiveness. This study assesses the impact of staff welfare on the mental well-being of academic staff in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal University Dutse. Considering the population of 109 academic staffs from the faculty of arts and social sciences in Federal University Dutse, 33 participants were drawn across five departments in the faculty in this pilot study examine the assessment of welfare on mental well-being. The study employed the use of Descriptive Survey to present its analyzed data on tables drawing inferences and conclusion from simple percentages. The results indicated that staff opinions were divided on the adequacy of medical and health care support, with larger percentage expressing satisfaction while a significant part of the population expressing dissatisfaction. This goes to prove that while healthcare facilities exist, they may not be fully accessible or sufficient for all staff members and their families. Nevertheless, earlier results indicated dissatisfaction with some welfare areas, suggesting inconsistencies that may reflect variations in how welfare provisions are accessed or experienced across different academic ranks within the study population.
The Impact of Monetary Policy on Price Instability in Nigeria
This study examines the long- and short-run effects of monetary policy instruments on inflation in Nigeria from 1981 to 2024 using annual time series data and ARDL modelling approach. The bounds test confirms a stable long-run relationship. The findings reveal a persistent underlying inflationary trend of 9.35% annually, underscoring the role of structural factors. In the long run, only the liquidity ratio exerts a significant, negative influence on inflation, confirming its potency as a direct monetary control tool. The monetary policy rate, while correctly signed, is statistically insignificant, indicating a weakened interest rate transmission channel. Counterintuitively, the Treasury bill rate shows a marginally significant positive long-run association with inflation, suggestive of fiscal dominance and deficit monetization. Short-run dynamics are characterized by strong inflationary inertia and a complex, positive impact of the lagged liquidity ratio. The error correction term of -0.96 indicates a rapid 96% adjustment to equilibrium. The study concludes that while the liquidity ratio is effective for long-term inflation control, achieving price stability in Nigeria requires complementary fiscal and structural reforms to address foundational pressures and enhance monetary policy transmission.
Exchange Rate Dynamics and Balance of Payments Performance in Nigeria: Evidence From an ARDL Approach
This study examines the dynamic relationship between exchange rate movements and balance of payments performance in Nigeria from 1975 to 2024, a period marked by major structural changes, global shocks, and shifts in exchange rate policies. Anchored on the Elasticity Theory of the Balance of Payments and is founded on the idea that nominal exchange rate, inflation rate and interest rate and trade openness are incorporated into an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework to capture both the short-run and long-run dynamics. The sources of annual time-series data were the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The results indicate that there is a statistically significant co-integration of the variables in the long-run. In particular, exchange rate and trade openness has positive and significant impact on the balance of payments and inflation has negative impact reflecting its distortionary impact on the competitiveness of the exports. Interest rate also causes a positive contribution to the external balances through its contribution to attract capital inflows. The findings are that the external sector adjustments of Nigeria are very sensitive to changes in the exchange rates and macroeconomic fundamentals. The study concludes that steady management of the exchange rates coupled with the diversification of trade and the inflation indexation is paramount in restoring the external balance of Nigeria and leading to long term macroeconomic growth.
Effect Of Strategic Sensitivity On Manufacturing Firms’ Performance In Nigeria
This study examined strategic sensitivity and organization performance in Cross River State. It specifically examined the effect of strategic insight and strategic acumen on organizational performance of manufacturing firms. The study analyzed primary data using multiple regression statistical tool. Findings from the study revealed that strategic insight has positive significant effect on organizational performance manufacturing firms in Cross River State Strategic acumen has positive significant effect on organizational performance of manufacturing firms in Cross River State. The study recommended among others, that management of manufacturing firms should increase strategic insight and its greater use by instilling confidence, which makes employees more sensitive to changes in the environment. It is also recommended that the management of manufacturing firms should focus on and seek out competent individuals to benefit from their experience and skills in increasing organisation innovation.
Intellectual Capital and Financial Reporting Quality: Evidence From Listed Nigerian Industrial Goods Firms
This study examined the effect of intellectual capital (IC) on the financial reporting quality (FRQ) of quoted Nigerian industrial good firms. The study's timeline spans from 2015 until 2023. Using census sampling approach, all the 13 quoted Nigerian industrial good firms were chosen as the sample size from the entire population. While IC was proxied by VAIC (value added intellectual coefficient), FRQ was proxied by Modified Jones model's Absolute Discretionary Accrual. The parameter estimations were statistically tested using the panel regression model. The outcomes of the study demonstrated that VAIC significantly and favourably affects FRQ at the 5% level (t= 3.87; p<0.05). The results imply that the presence of quality IC will lead to higher FRQ. However, this study concludes that IC has the tendency to impact the FRQ of Nigerian quoted industrial goods firms positively and significantly. Based on this result the following were recommended; the firms should invest in continuous professional development for their accounting and finance team to which will enhance accuracy and transparency in financial statements. Firms should also invest in advanced FR software and internal control mechanisms to enhance efficiency and accuracy in financial disclosures. Lastly, the firms should actively engage with investors, regulators and auditors to ensure credibility in financial disclosures, this will lead to better corporate governance and accountability, eventually improving FRQ.