Autophagy Regulators p62/SQSTM1 and NBR1 as new Predictive Biomarkers of Immunotherapy Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2543.027Keywords:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),, New biomarkers for HCC, SQSTM1 (Sequestosome 1), p62 protei, Autophagy, Mallory–Denk bodiesAbstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), among the top causes of cancer-associated mortality globally, lacks effective treatment, especially at an advanced stage. While immunotherapy has great promise as an antitumour treatment method, there exist no robust biomarkers for patient response as yet. To evaluate p62 and NBR1 as predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy response. A new biomarker has recently been identified that may be used to predict the efficacy of HCC immunotherapy. Approximately ten articles from Google Scholar and EBSCOhost, selected through a search based on recent mechanistic and preclinical studies, were used for this research. The p62 biomarker enhances STING activation in hepatic stellate cells, and NBR1 (neighbour of BRCA1 gene 1) is an additional key autophagy receptor that plays a comparable role to p62 in sequestering protein aggregates. Early studies suggest that its expression or activation may be used to identify patients who are likely to benefit the most from immune checkpoint inhibitors, thereby producing more effective and personalised treatment approaches. These findings support p62 and NBR1 as promising predictive biomarkers of HCC pending clinical validation.
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