Incidence of Furuncular Myiasis due to Cordylobia anthropophaga (Blanchard, 1872) Larvae Infestation and Associated Risk Factors on Dogs in Ilorin Metropolis, North Central, Nigeria

Authors

  • Musa Rabiu Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Author
  • Ridwan Usman Adekola Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Author
  • Shola David Ola-Fadunsin Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Author
  • Isau Aremu Ganiyu Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Author
  • Miftah Olalekan Adeleke Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Author
  • Idiat Modupe Sanda Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Author
  • Ghali-Mohammed Ibraheem Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Author
  • Isyaku Abdulmajeed Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2541.041

Keywords:

Cordylobia, furuncular myiasis, Ilorin, incidence, risk factors

Abstract

It is impossible to overstate the dangers that an infestation of Cordylobia anthropophaga (Blanchard, 1872) larvae poses, particularly to household pets.  This study aims to ascertain the prevalence of furuncular myiasis in dogs presented to private and public veterinary clinics in the Nigerian state of Kwara, specifically in the capital of Ilorin, caused by the larvae of C. anthropophaga.  With three distinguishing slits and two posterior spiracles, the 84 larvae that were removed from 61/268 (22.76%) dogs infected with myiasis were recognized as third-stage C. anthropophaga larvae.  According to the data gathered, Cordylobiosis is also more common in female dogs (34/55.7%) than in male dogs (27/44.3%).  The prevalence of infestation varied in each age group with dogs under 6 months old having the highest infestation frequency (48, or 78.7%), whereas dogs over 25 had the lowest incidence (6, or 9.8%).  As the rainy season progresses, the prevalence of this illness drops gradually, with October seeing the lowest rate.  It peaks in June, affecting 27.87% of all the animals examined.  Among all canines, 18 (29.50%) were used as pets; the lowest prevalence was exhibited by 1 (1.63%) in the case of guard and hunting dogs.  The breed that is least afflicted, with only 2 recorded occurrences, is the Chow chow, whilst German shepherd breeds (26.20%) are the most prone to this ailment.  The possibility of this parasite spreading to humans through animals is a major worry for hunters, breeders, and pet owners in Ilorin and around the nation.

References

Abebe, H. (2017). Survey on prevalence of canine cutaneous myiasis in some selected Kebeles of Dire Dawa City Administration. BioRxiv, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1101/110502 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/110502

Afifi, M. A., Jiman-fatani, A. A., Alsiny, F. I., & Anshasi, W. S. (2015). A new focus of autochthonous transmission of Cordylobia anthropophaga in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure, 3(2), 82–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmau.2014.12.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmau.2014.12.002

Choe, S., Lee, D., Park, H., Jeon, H. K., Kim, H., Kang, J. H., Jee, C. H., & Eom, K. S. (2016). Canine wound myiasis caused by Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Korea. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 54(5), 667–671. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.667 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.667

Edungbola, L. D. (1982). Cutaneous myiasis due to tumbu-fly, Cordylobia anthropophaga in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Acta Tropica. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6131594/

Fernández-Alvarez, Á., Sánchez-Vicente, S., Feliu, C., Valladares, B., Miquel, J., Alves, J., Melero-Alcíbar, R., & Foronda, P. (2022). Myiasis by Cordylobia anthropophaga (Calliphoridae) in rodents from Cape Verde. Acta Parasitologica, 67(3), 1260–1264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-022-00576-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-022-00576-8

Francesconia, F., & Lupi, O. (2012). Myiasis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 25(1), 79–105. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00010-11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00010-11

Hall, M. J., & Smith, K. G. (1993). Diptera causing myiasis in man. In Medical insects and arachnids (pp. 429–469). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1554-4_12

Hall, M. J., Wall, R. L., & Stevens, J. R. (2016). Traumatic myiasis: A neglected disease in a changing world. Annual Review of Entomology, 61(1), 159–176. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023655 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023655

How, E. H., Yap, D., & Mbakada, N. (2017). An exotic abscess within the United Kingdom from the Gambia: A case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 11(1), 3–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-017-1472-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-017-1472-3

Jesuyajolu, D. A., & Jesuyajolu, P. (2022). Furuncular myiasis affecting the glans penis of a young boy caused by the larvae of Cordylobia anthropophaga (the tumbu fly): A case report. The Pan African Medical Journal, 42, 75. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2022.42.75.35227 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2022.42.75.35227

Johnson, S. A. M., Gakuya, D. W., Mbuthia, P. G., Mande, J. D., Afakye, K., & Maingi, N. (2016). Myiasis in dogs in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 16(1), 54–57. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2015.1811 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2015.1811

Joseph, O., Muhammed, Y., Raji, A., & Joseph, A. (2016). Utilization of herbal medicine among inhabitants of an urban centre in North-Central Nigeria. Algerian Journal of Natural Products, 4(3), 367–378.

Kwara State Government News. (2012). Kwara State diary. Kwara State of Nigeria. Retrieved from https://kwarastate.gov.ng/

Mutinda, K. N., Gichohi, M. P., Maina, W. R., Maina, G. S., & Agosa, K. E. (2022). Prevalence, etiology, and risk factors associated with occurrence of canine cutaneous myiasis in Kitui County, Kenya. Veterinary Medicine International, 2022, Article ID 5699060, 9 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5699060 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5699060

National Bureau of Statistics. (2016). Annual abstract of statistics. Federal Republic of Nigeria.

Ogbalu, O. K., Achufusi, T. G. O., & Orlu, E. E. (2013). Epidemiology of human furuncular myiasis of Cordylobia anthropophaga (Grunberg) in Nigeria. International Journal of Dermatology, 52(3), 331–336. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05641.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05641.x

Ogo, N. I., Onovoh, E., Ayodele, D. R., Ajayi, O. O., Chukwu, C. O., Sugun, M., & Okeke, I. O. (2009). Cutaneous canine myiasis in the Jos metropolis of Plateau State, Nigeria, associated with Cordylobia anthropophaga. Veterinarski Arhiv, 79(3), 293–299. Retrieved from https://hrcak.srce.hr/45259

Ogo, I. N., Mwansat, G. S., Jambalang, A., Ogo, M. F., Onovoh, E., Ogunsan, E. A., Dogo, G. I., Banyigyi, S., Odoya, E. M., Chukwu, O. O. C., Yako, A. B., & Inyama, P. U. (2005). Retrospective study on the prevalence of canine myiasis in Jos-South Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. Journal of Pest, Disease, and Vector Management, 6, 385–390. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1110

Ola-Fadunsin, S. D., Uwabujo, P. I., Sanda, I. M., Ganiyu, I. A., Hussain, K., Rabiu, M., Elelu, N., & Alayande, M. O. (2019). Gastrointestinal helminths of intensively managed poultry in Kwara Central, Kwara State, Nigeria: Its diversity, prevalence, intensity, and risk factors. Veterinary World, 12, 389–396. https://doi.org/10.14202%2Fvetworld.2019.389-396 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.389-396

Ola-Fadunsin, S. D., Hussain, K., Rabiu, M., & Ganiyu, I. A. (2019). Co-infection dynamics of canine parasitic diseases in Osun State, Nigeria: A retrospective approach. Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, 1(2), 54–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0260

Omudu, E. A., Okpe, G., & Adelusi, S. M. (2010). Studies on dog population in Makurdi, Nigeria (II): A survey on ectoparasites infestation and its’ public health implications. Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, 2(1), 94–106.

Orfanou, D. C., Papadopoulos, E., Cripps, P. J., Athanasiou, L. V., & Fthenakis, G. C. (2011). Myiasis in a dog shelter in Greece: Epidemiological and clinical features and therapeutic considerations. Veterinary Parasitology, 181(2–4), 374–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.04.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.04.006

Patterson, M. M., Fox, J. G., & Eberhard, M. L. (2014). Parasitic diseases. In Biology and diseases of the ferret (3rd ed.). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118782699 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118782699.ch22

Robbins, K., & Khachemoune, A. (2010). Cutaneous myiasis: A review of the common types of myiasis. International Journal of Dermatology, 49(10), 1092–1098. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04577.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04577.x

Rutland, B. E., Byl, K. M., Hydeskov, H. B., Miniter, B., & Johnson, C. A. (2017). Systemic manifestations of Cuterebra infection in dogs and cats: 42 cases (2000–2014). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 251(12), 1432–1438. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.251.12.1432 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.251.12.1432

Sivelli, P., Vinciguerra, R., Tondini, L., Cavalli, E., Galli, A., Chelazzi, P., Donati, S., Bartalena, L., Grossi, P., & Azzolini, C. (2015). Eyelid myiasis caused by Cordylobia anthropophaga. Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 23(3), 259–260. https://doi.org/10.3109/09273948.2014.893366 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/09273948.2014.893366

Solomon, M., Lachish, T., & Schwartz, E. (2016). Cutaneous myiasis. Current Infectious Disease Reports, 18(8), Article 23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-016-0537-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-016-0537-6

Song, S. M., Kim, S. W., Goo, Y. K., Hong, Y., Ock, M., Cha, H. J., & Chung, D. I. (2017). A case of furuncular myiasis due to Cordylobia anthropophaga in a Korean traveler returning from Uganda. The Korean Journal of Parasitology, 55(3), 327–331. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.327 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.327

Suárez, J. A., Orillac, L. A., Cedeño, I., & Sosa, N. (2018). First case of furuncular myiasis due to Cordylobia anthropophaga in a Latin American resident returning from Central African Republic. Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 22, 70–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2017.12.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2017.12.003

Soulsby, E. J. L. (1982). Helminths, arthropods and protozoa of domesticated animals. ELBS and Bailliere Tindall. [Links]

Sunny, B., Sulthana, L., James, A., & Sivakumar, T. (2016). Maggot infestation: Various treatment modalities. Journal of the American College of Clinical Wound Specialists, 8(1–3), 51–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jccw.2018.03.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jccw.2018.03.002

Thrusfield, M. (2007). Veterinary epidemiology (3rd ed.). Blackwell Science Ltd. Retrieved from http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/

Wangia, M., Glenn, C., Mitchell, C., & Fisher, S. (2012). Florid Cordylobia anthropophaga furuncular myiasis from travel in Nigeria. Journal of Dermatology, 39(12), 1099–1100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1346-8138.2012.01648 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1346-8138.2012.01648.x

Yunhua, D. M., Fang, L. M., Xingping, C. M., & Shengjun, L. M. D. (2012). The first imported cutaneous myiasis due to Cordylobia anthropophaga in China. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04823

Zumpt, F. (1965). Myiasis in man and animals in the Old World: A textbook for physicians, veterinarians and zoologists. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19652901022

Downloads

Published

2025-03-30

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025)

Section

Articles

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

UMYU Scientifica recognizes the importance of protecting authors’ intellectual property while promoting the free exchange of scientific knowledge. The journal adopts a copyright-retention model that empowers authors to maintain ownership of their work while granting the journal rights necessary for publication and dissemination.

1. Copyright Ownership

Authors publishing with UMYU Scientifica retain full copyright and publishing rights to their work. By submitting a manuscript, authors agree to grant the journal a non-exclusive license to publish, reproduce, distribute, and archive the article in all forms and media for the purpose of scholarly communication.

2. Licensing Terms

All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) license.
This license permits others to:

  • Share - copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
  • Adapt - remix, transform, and build upon the material.
  • For non-commercial purposes only, provided that proper credit is given to the original author(s) and UMYU Scientifica as the source, a link to the license is provided, and any modifications are clearly indicated.

Commercial reuse or distribution of the content requires written permission from both the author and the editorial office.

3. Author Rights

Authors are free to:

  • Deposit all versions of their manuscript (preprint, accepted version, and published version) in institutional, disciplinary, or public repositories without embargo.
  • Use and distribute their published article for non-commercial scholarly purposes, including teaching, conference presentations, and research sharing.
  • Include their work in future books, theses, or compilations, provided proper citation to the journal is made.

4. Publisher’s Rights

Upon publication, UMYU Scientifica retains the right to:

  • Host, index, and disseminate the article through the journal’s website and partner databases.
  • Archive the content in long-term preservation systems such as the PKP Preservation Network (PKP-PN) and the Umaru Musa Yar’adua University Institutional Repository.

5. Attribution and Citation

Users must give appropriate credit to the author(s), include a link to the article’s DOI or the journal webpage, and indicate if changes were made. Proper citation is required whenever the work is reused or referenced.

6. License Reference

For detailed terms of use, please refer to the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0):
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

How to Cite

Rabiu, M., Adekola, R. U., Ola-Fadunsin, S. D., Ganiyu, I. A., Adeleke, M. O., Sanda, I. M., Ibraheem, G.-M., & Abdulmajeed, I. (2025). Incidence of Furuncular Myiasis due to Cordylobia anthropophaga (Blanchard, 1872) Larvae Infestation and Associated Risk Factors on Dogs in Ilorin Metropolis, North Central, Nigeria. UMYU Scientifica, 4(1), 408-415. https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2541.041

Similar Articles

1-10 of 156

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.