Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Stigmasterol, β-Sitosterol, and Tripalmitolein from the Leaf of Vitex Chrysocarpa (Lamiaceae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2434.008Keywords:
Vitex chrysocarpa, Lamiaceae, Extraction, NMR, Stigmasterol, β-sitosterolAbstract
Vitex chrysocarpa (Lamiaceae) is used in traditional medicine to treat fever, dysmenorrhea, venereal diseases, and dysentery. However, more research needs to be done on the compounds responsible for these activities. This study aims to isolate and elucidate the main bioactive compounds from the plant’s methanol leaf extract. The maceration method was utilized for the extraction, while column and thin-layer chromatographic techniques were employed for purification and isolation. As a result, Tripalmitolein (4.7 mg) and a combination of Stigmasterol and β-sitosterol (7 mg) were isolated. Careful examination of the 1D and 2D NMR data allowed for the structural elucidation of the compounds, and additional confirmation of the compounds were obtained by comparing the results with those of the existing literature. This study presents the first isolation and structural elucidation of Stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, and tripalmitolein from Vitex chrysocarpa.
References
Akwada, U. C., Igwe, O. U., Chisom, F., & Diala, C. I. (2020). Isolation and Characterization of Stigmasterol and Β -Sitosterol from the leaves of Emilia coccinea ( Sims ) G. Don. Communication in Physical Science, 6(2), 863–868.
Ashraf, R., Bhatti, H. N. (2021) Chapter 10-Stigmasterol. A centum of Valuable Plant Bioactives (213-232). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822923-1.00019-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822923-1.00019-4
Atiku, I., Pateh, U. U., Sule, M. I., & Isyaka, M. S. (2021). Isolation of squalene and its derivative from the leaf of Ficus sycomorous L. (Moracaea). International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, 19(1466), 65–69.
Chaturvedula, V. S. P., & Prakash, I. (2012). Isolation of Stigmasterol and ?-Sitosterol from the dichloromethane extract of Rubus suavissimus. International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, 1(9), 239–242. https://doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i9.11613 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i9.11613
Devika, R. (2017). A Review on Genus Vitex -A Novel Medicinal Plant. 5(6), 1904–1908. https://doi.org/10.21276/ijprhs.2017.06.01
Di Pietro, M. E., Mannu, A., & Mele, A. (2020). NMR determination of free fatty acids in vegetable oils. Processes, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8040410 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8040410
GBIF Secretariat (2021). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2022-02-02.
I. Ibrahim, I. A. Bello, I. G. Ndukwe, I. G. K. (2018). ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF STIGMASTEROL AND Β-SITOSTEROL FROM ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF Adenodolichos paniculatus (FABACEAE). FUW Trends in Science & Technology Journal, 3(2), 770–772.
Ilodibia, C. V., Okafor, J. C., Akachukwu, E. E., Igboabuchi, N. A., Chukwuma, U. M., & Adimonyemma, N. R. (2016). Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies on Vitex Chrysocarpa (Planch ex Benth.). American Journal of Life Science Researches, 4(4), 127–131. https://doi.org/10.21859/ajlsr-040403 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21859/ajlsr-040403
Lu, Y., Wang, J., Deng, Z., Wu, H., Deng, Q., Tan, H., & Cao, L. (2013). Isolation and characterization of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)-producing Streptomyces sp. S161 from sheep (Ovis aries) faeces. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 57(3), 200–205. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.12096 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.12096
Meerts, P. (2020). The genus Vitex (Lamiaceae) in the flora of Cameroon. Phytotaxa, 434(2), 131–150. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.434.2.6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.434.2.1
Nhan, Dang Thi Thanh Trang, H. T., & Y, N. D. (2018). ISOLATION OF STIGMASTEROL AND β -SITOSTEROL FROM OCIMUM TENUIFLORUM L. ( LAMIACEACE ). Journal of Science and Education, College of Education, Hue University, 01(45), 39–44.
Nieva-Echevarría, B., Goicoechea, E., Manzanos, M. J., & Guillén, M. D. (2014). A method based on 1H NMR spectral data useful to evaluate the hydrolysis level in complex lipid mixtures. Food Research International, 66, 379–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2014.09.031 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2014.09.031
Nieva-Echevarría, B., Goicoechea, E., Manzanos, M. J., & Guillén, M. D. (2016). A study by 1H NMR on the influence of some factors affecting lipid in vitro digestion. Food Chemistry, 211, 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.021
Nna, A., Halliru, A., & Wada, D. (2022). Phytomedicine Plus Ethnobotanical survey: A comprehensive review of medicinal plants used in treatment of gastro intestinal diseases in Kano state , Nigeria . Phytomedicine Plus, 2(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100180 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100180
Nna, P. J., Tor-Anyiin, T. A., & Muluh, E. (2019). Stigmasterol and β-sitosterol from the Root of Mangifera indica and Their Biological Activities against Some Pathogens. Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research, 7(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2019/v7i430105 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2019/v7i430105
Pierre, L. L., & Moses, M. N. (2015). Isolation and Characterisation of Stigmasterol and Β -Sitosterol from Odontonema Strictum (Acanthaceae). Journal of Innovations in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Sciences, 2(2349–2759), 88–95.
Retief, L., McKenzie, J. M., & Koch, K. R. (2009). A novel approach to the rapid assignment of 13C NMR spectra ofmajor components of vegetable oils such as avocado, mango kernel andmacadamia nut oils. Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 47(9), 771–781. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.2463 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.2463
Romano, B., Lucariello, G., & Capasso, R. (2021). Topical collection “pharmacology of medicinal plants.” Biomolecules, 11(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11010101 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11010101
Saeidnia, S., Manayi, A., Gohari A. R., and Abdollahi M. (2014). The story of Beta-sitosterol- A Review. European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 4(5), 590-609. https://doi.org/10.9734/EJMP/2014/7764 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/EJMP/2014/7764
Salmerón-Manzano, E., Garrido-Cardenas, J. A., & Manzano-Agugliaro, F. (2020). Worldwide research trends on medicinal plants. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103376 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103376
U. U. Pateh, A. K. Haruna, M. Garba, I. Iliya, I. M. Sule, M. S. A. and A. A. A. (2009). Isolation of Stigmasterol , β-Sitosterol And 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid methyl ester from the rhizomes of Stylochiton lancifolius, Pyer & Kotchy (Araceae). Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8(1), 19–25.
Wu, X., Xu, L., Yuan, G., Wang, Y., & Xu, X. (2017). Triglycerides Isolated from <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. ZZ035 and Their Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Characters. Spectral Analysis Review, 05(01), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4236/sar.2017.51001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/sar.2017.51001
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
UMYU Scientifica recognizes the importance of protecting authors’ intellectual property while promoting the free exchange of scientific knowledge. The journal adopts a copyright-retention model that empowers authors to maintain ownership of their work while granting the journal rights necessary for publication and dissemination.
1. Copyright Ownership
Authors publishing with UMYU Scientifica retain full copyright and publishing rights to their work. By submitting a manuscript, authors agree to grant the journal a non-exclusive license to publish, reproduce, distribute, and archive the article in all forms and media for the purpose of scholarly communication.
2. Licensing Terms
All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) license.
This license permits others to:
- Share - copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
- Adapt - remix, transform, and build upon the material.
- For non-commercial purposes only, provided that proper credit is given to the original author(s) and UMYU Scientifica as the source, a link to the license is provided, and any modifications are clearly indicated.
Commercial reuse or distribution of the content requires written permission from both the author and the editorial office.
3. Author Rights
Authors are free to:
- Deposit all versions of their manuscript (preprint, accepted version, and published version) in institutional, disciplinary, or public repositories without embargo.
- Use and distribute their published article for non-commercial scholarly purposes, including teaching, conference presentations, and research sharing.
- Include their work in future books, theses, or compilations, provided proper citation to the journal is made.
4. Publisher’s Rights
Upon publication, UMYU Scientifica retains the right to:
- Host, index, and disseminate the article through the journal’s website and partner databases.
- Archive the content in long-term preservation systems such as the PKP Preservation Network (PKP-PN) and the Umaru Musa Yar’adua University Institutional Repository.
5. Attribution and Citation
Users must give appropriate credit to the author(s), include a link to the article’s DOI or the journal webpage, and indicate if changes were made. Proper citation is required whenever the work is reused or referenced.
6. License Reference
For detailed terms of use, please refer to the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0):
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
