Colchicine Effect on Growth and Yield Traits of M1 and M2 Generations in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2544.002Keywords:
Colchicine, concentration, mutation, sesame, yieldAbstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different colchicine concentrations on the growth and yield of two sesame varieties. Seeds of two varieties, Ex-Sudan and E-8, were treated with four different colchicine concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mM) by pre-soaking for four hours, while the controls were pre-soaked in distilled water. The treated seeds were sown in a completely randomized design with three replications in a factorial arrangement to produce the first mutant generation (M1). Data were collected on growth and yield components, and the seeds harvested from the M1 plants were advanced to the M2 generation. All data obtained were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance, with Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test used to separate significant means. The results revealed a highly significant difference (p≤0.01) among mutants treated with various colchicine concentrations. The mutants exhibited early flowering (36 days after sowing), a high emergence rate (97.67%), larger leaves (75.50 cm2), and a high number of capsules (14 capsules/plant), each bearing numerous seeds (100 seeds/capsule). The mutant seeds (3.90 g) also weighed more than the control seeds (3.00-3.09 g). The findings suggest that colchicine treatment enhances sesame growth and yield, with effects increasing as the concentration decreases. % emergence, plant height, leaf area, and yield showed high potential for selection with PC1 effectively functioning as a synthetic indicator of overall plant vigor and yield potential. Therefore, selecting a variety with high PC1 would probably favour simultaneous improvement across multiple yield components. The lowest concentration (0.1 mM) produced the greatest effect, with the variety E-8 responding more strongly to the mutagenic treatment.
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