Exploring the Geological Formation and Sub-Surface Lithology Modelling of Hadejia, Jigawa State Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.005Keywords:
Sub-surface, Lithology, Geologic Formation, Vertical Electrical SoundingAbstract
This research aims to explore the geological formation and sub-surface lithology modelling of Hadejia, Jigawa State using the VES (vertical electrical sounding) method. The VES method is a geophysical technique that measures the electrical resistivity of the subsurface, which is related to the lithology of the rock units. The study area is located in the north-western part of Nigeria, on latitudes 12025’23.73‘‘N and longitudes 10°04’06.74‘‘E, and is characterized by a chad formation geological setting with a variety of rock units, including sandstones, shales, and limestone. The research was conducted using a total of 50 VES stations, which were distributed over the study area in a grid pattern. The data collected from the VES stations were analysed using the IPI2WIN software. The results were used to create a subsurface electrical resistivity model, which was then used to infer the lithology units present in the subsurface. The results showed that the study area is characterized by a complex subsurface structure, with several rock units present, including sandstones, silt, and clay. The subsurface electrical resistivity model revealed that the sandstone units are located at shallow depths, while the silt units are found at deeper depths. The clay is present at intermediate depths and is interbedded with sandstones and clay. The results provide valuable information for hydro-geological and mineral exploration in the area.
References
Adagunodo, T. A. (2017a). “Groundwater contamination: performance, effects, limitations and control,” in Groundwater Contamination: Performance, Limitations and Impacts, ed A. L. Powell (New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers, Inc), 33–64.
Adebanji, O., et al. (2018). "Exploration of the Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria: A review of the geology and hydrocarbon potential." Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 146, pp. 86-100
Adegoke, O.S., et al. (2011). "Stratigraphy and structure of the Anambra Basin, southeastern Nigeria: implications for hydrocarbon exploration." Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 59, pp. 48-60.
A. M. Idris., Ahmed, A. L., Lawal, K. M., Osumeje, J.O., and 3Ahmed, G. (2018) Subsurface Lithology and Aquifer Delineation Using Vertical Electrical Sounding (Ves) Method in Dorayi Area of Kano State, Nigeria. Nigerian Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, Vol. 4.
Bolton, T., 1989: Geological maps, their solution, and interpretation. Cambridge University Press, 144pp.
Chen, X., Li, S., Li, J., & Li, X. (2020). Machine learning-based lithologic prediction in subsurface exploration: A case study in the Tarim Basin, China. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 185, 103827.
Eckel, C.E., 1902: The preparation of a geologic map. J. Geology, 10-1, 59-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/620980
Li, Y., Chen, J., & Chen, L. (2019). Multistage carbonate reservoir formation in the Middle and Lower Permian of the Tarim Basin, NW of China. Journal of Geology, 127(4), 463-475. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v23n2.80525
Obaje N. G. (200). Geology and Mineral Resources of Nigeria January 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92685-6
Malik, M. I., Bhat, M. S., & Najar, S.A.(2016). Remote Sensing and GIS based groundwater potential mapping for sustainable water resource management of Lidder catchment in Kashmir Valley, India. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 87(6), 716–726. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-016-0444-3
Okpoli C. C. 2017. Hydrogeochemistry of water resources of Oka municipality. Geosci Res. 2(1):46–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22606/gr.2017.21006
Oladejo, O. P., Sunmonu, L. A., and Adagunodo, T. A. (2015). Groundwater prospect in a typical Precambrian basement complex using Karous-Hjelt and Fraser filtering Techniques. J. Ind. Eng. Res. 1, 40–49.
Oladejo, O. P., Sunmonu, L. A., Ojoawo, A., Adagunodo, T. A., and Olafisoye, E. R. (2013). Geophysical investigation for groundwater development at Oyo state housing estate Ogbomosho, southwestern Nigeria. Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol. 5, 1811–1815. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.5.4943
Olu-Owolabi, B.J., et al. (2015). "Subsurface lithologic modelling of the Anambra Basin, Nigeria." Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 103, pp. 44-54.
Richey, A. S. Brian, Thomas, F., Lo, Min-Hui, Reager, John T., Famiglietti, James S., Voss, Katalyn, et al. (2015). Quantifying renewable groundwater stress with GRACE. Water Resource Research. 51(7), 5217–5238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017349
Srinivasa, Y. R., and Jugran D. K. (2003). “Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zones and Zones of Groundwater Quality” Hydrological Sciences–Journal–des Sciences Hydrologiques,48(5) October 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1623/hysj.48.5.821.51452
Sunmonu, L. A., Adagunodo, T. A., Olafisoye, E. R., and Oladejo, O. P. (2012). The Groundwater potential evaluation at industrial estate Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria. RMZ Mater. Geoenviron. 59, 363–390.
Wang, Y., Li, X., & Li, J. (2018). Fluid-induced rock deformation and failure in subsurface
sandstone reservoirs: A numerical study. Journal of Geophysics, 156, 9-22.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Ahmad Muhammad Idris, Daniel Eshimiakhe, Shehu Ibrahim Adam, Jibrin Gambo, Hussaini Abubakar (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
UMYU Scientifica recognizes the importance of protecting authors’ intellectual property while promoting the free exchange of scientific knowledge. The journal adopts a copyright-retention model that empowers authors to maintain ownership of their work while granting the journal rights necessary for publication and dissemination.
1. Copyright Ownership
Authors publishing with UMYU Scientifica retain full copyright and publishing rights to their work. By submitting a manuscript, authors agree to grant the journal a non-exclusive license to publish, reproduce, distribute, and archive the article in all forms and media for the purpose of scholarly communication.
2. Licensing Terms
All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) license.
This license permits others to:
- Share - copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
- Adapt - remix, transform, and build upon the material.
- For non-commercial purposes only, provided that proper credit is given to the original author(s) and UMYU Scientifica as the source, a link to the license is provided, and any modifications are clearly indicated.
Commercial reuse or distribution of the content requires written permission from both the author and the editorial office.
3. Author Rights
Authors are free to:
- Deposit all versions of their manuscript (preprint, accepted version, and published version) in institutional, disciplinary, or public repositories without embargo.
- Use and distribute their published article for non-commercial scholarly purposes, including teaching, conference presentations, and research sharing.
- Include their work in future books, theses, or compilations, provided proper citation to the journal is made.
4. Publisher’s Rights
Upon publication, UMYU Scientifica retains the right to:
- Host, index, and disseminate the article through the journal’s website and partner databases.
- Archive the content in long-term preservation systems such as the PKP Preservation Network (PKP-PN) and the Umaru Musa Yar’adua University Institutional Repository.
5. Attribution and Citation
Users must give appropriate credit to the author(s), include a link to the article’s DOI or the journal webpage, and indicate if changes were made. Proper citation is required whenever the work is reused or referenced.
6. License Reference
For detailed terms of use, please refer to the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0):
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
