Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi Isolated from Suspected Typhoid Fever Cases in General Hospital Minna
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2651.026Keywords:
Antibiotics, Susceptibility, Resistance, Salmonella Typhi,, DiagnosisAbstract
Background: Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi, especially resistant strains, remains a major cause of typhoid fever, causing significant morbidity, mortality, and economic loss in poor, developing countries. This study investigated the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of S. Typhi isolated from stool samples of suspected typhoid fever patients at the General Hospital, Minna. Methods: Stool samples were collected from three hundred (300) suspected typhoid fever patients, and cultured for the detection of S. Typhi using standard microbiological techniques. The isolates were identified using relevant biochemical tests, and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The susceptibility results were interpreted according to the CLSI standard, and isolates with a Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Index (MARI)> 0.7 were identified using molecular techniques. Similarly, ESBL production was investigated using the double-disk synergy test (DDST). Result: Overall, 17 (5.6%) stool samples were culture-positive for Salmonella Typhi. The isolates showed variable resistance to the antibiotics examined: ciprofloxacin (76.5%), cefotaxime (64.7%), ceftriaxone (58.8%), azithromycin (58.8%), levofloxacin (52.9%), and the least resistance (23.5%) to pefloxacin. Overall, 82.4% of the S. Typhi isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics, with a multiple-antibiotic resistance index ranging from 0.3 to 0.9. Both isolates with ≥ 0.7 MARI were identified as Salmonella enterica with ≥ 99% per identity. Further results analysis revealed that none of the Salmonella Typhi produce ESBL phenotypically. These results underscore the endemicity of Typhoid fever in the study area and the need for a laboratory-guided diagnosis prior to antibiotic prescription to address the increasing resistance to potent, cheap antibiotics.
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