Strategic Planning and the Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70861/ujed20250202008Abstract
This study examined strategic planning and performance of Deposit money banks in Calabar, Cross River State. The specific objectives of the study were to: examine the influence of strategy formulation on performance of Deposit money banks, to assess the effect of strategy implementation on performance of Deposit money banks, and to investigate the effect of strategy evaluation on performance of Deposit money banks. Primary sources of data was employed in the study. The study adopted multiple regression techniques to establish the effect of the independent on the dependent variable. Findings revealed that strategy formulation has effect on performance of Deposit money banks, strategy implementation has effect on performance of Deposit money banks and strategy evaluation has effect on performance of Deposit money banks. The study recommended that management of banks should formulate strategies that will give their bank an edge over competitors, also recommended that management of banks should ensure frequent evaluation of existing strategies and formulate new ones to reinforce the existing strategies where necessary. Management should also ensure effective implementation of existing strategies to ensure the success and long-term sustainability of the bank.
References
Agulanna, E. C. & Madu, M. C. (2017). Business policy. The arms of strategic management. Joe Mankpa Publishers.
Aldehayyat, J. S. & Twaissi, N. (2021), Strategic planning and corporate performance relationship in Small business firms: Evidence from a Middle East Country Context, International Journal of Business and Management, 6(8), 255-263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v6n8p255
Al-Qatamin, A. A. & Al-Qatamin, A. A. (2022). An evaluation of corporation strategic performance: An evidence from Jordan. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 2(1): 09-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20120201A02
Amurle, G., Gakure, R., & Waititu, A. (2023). Does strategic planning influence the performance of ICT SMEs in Kenya? Prime Journal of Social Science, 2(6), 350-359.
Arabzad, S.M., & Shirouyehzad, H. (2022). Improving project management process in Municipality Based on SWOT Analysis. IACSIT International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 4(5), 607-612. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7763/IJET.2012.V4.443
Arasa, R., & K'Obonyo, P. (2022). The Relationship between Strategic Planning and Firm Performance. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(22): 201-213.
Bakar, P. (2019). Contemporary critical theory and methodology. Routledge.
Baker, G.A. (2023). Strategic planning and financial performance in the food processing sector, Review of Agricultural Economics, 25, (2), 470-482. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9353.00150
Birinci, M., & Eren, E. (2023). The Effect of Strategic Management Practices on the Performance of Universities in Turkey. Journal of Global Strategic Management, 13, 17-33.
Bischoof, S. (2016). Strategic planning. Impact on non-profit organisation. Macmillan Publication.
Brando, M. & Bagattolli, J. (2017). Viable business strategies: A systematic, people-centric approach. (2nd ed.). Knowres Publishing.
Bryston, S. (2018). Strategic planning in public and non-profit organisation. American Express Publication.
Burugo, V. M. & Owour, D. (2017). Influence of strategic management practices on business profitability in Kenya. (A case study of Chai trading company limited). Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 3(9), 923-947.
De wit F. & Meyer, A. (2019). Management and governance in Dutch SMEs. European Management Journal, 23(5), 583-589. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2005.09.013
Elbanna, S. (2018). Planning and participation as determinants of strategic planning effectiveness evidence from the Arabic context. Management Decision, 46(5), 779-796. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740810873761
Falshaw, J., Glaister, K., & Tatoglue, E. (2016). Evidence on formal strategic planning and company performance. Management Decision, 44 (1), 9-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740610641436
Fiberesima, D. D., & Abdul Rani, N. S. (2023). Strategy management and business Success. Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Istanbul, Turkey, July 3 - 6, 26-33.
Glaister, K., Dincer, O., Tatoglu, E., & Demirbag, M. (2019). A comparison of strategic planning practices in companies from the UK and Turkey. Journal of Management Development 28(4), 361–379. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710910947380
Greenley, G. (2024). Strategic planning and company performance: an appraisal of empirical evidence. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 10(4), 383-396. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-5221(94)90025-6
Gure, A. K & Karugu, J. (2018). Strategic management practices and performance of small and Micro Enterprises in Nairobi City County, Kenya. International Academic Journal of Human Resource and Business Administration 3, (1), 1-26.
Karel, S., Adam, P., & Radomir, P (2023). Strategic planning and business performance of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, Journal of Competitiveness, 5(4), 57-72
Khan, M. W. J., & Khalique, M. (2024), A holistic review of empirical studies of strategic planning and future research avenues, International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 3(6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.6007/IJAREMS/v3-i6/1291
Kidombo, L. (2024). Challenges of small family groceries shops in South Africa. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 6(3), 221-231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/20425961201000017
Kinyua, J. (2015). The development of a model to assess the strategic management capability of small- and medium-size businesses. Journal of American Academy of Business, 3(12), 85-92.
Lawlor, J. E. (2016). Strategic planning and performance of organization. Harcourt College Publisher
Lindow, W. S., Stubner, W., & Wulf, T. (2020). Strategic marketing practices and the performance of Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Taiwan. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 16(2), 161-178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620410001677862
Lorenzo, K., Rubio, A., & Garces, R. (2018). Strategic planning and business performance of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of Competitiveness, 5(4), 57–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2013.04.04
Mahoro, P. (2017). Management principles: A contemporary edition for Africa. (4th ed.). Juta & Co. Ltd.
Makanga, R. O. & Paul, S.N. (2017). Influence of strategic management practices on performance of Kenya power and lighting company ltd., Nairobi County, Kenya. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 4(4), 289-306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v4i4.557
Management, 3(1), 23-41.
Moghaddam, T. (2022). The role of balanced scorecard implementation on financial performance transparency. Life Science Journal, 9(4) 3963-3970.
Mosoti, K. & Murabu, F. (2024). Made in Europe: Small companies. Business Strategy Review, 9(4), 1-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8616.00078
Najib, T., & Baroto, B. (2016). Strategic management of professional service firms: Reviewing ABS journals and identifying key research themes. Journal of Professions and Organisation, 4(2), 203-239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jpo/jox005
Nauheimer, S. (2021). Performance measurement systems: models, characteristics and measurements. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 21(1/2), 46-70 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01443570110358459
Owolabi, A.S., & Makinde, G.O. (2022). The effect of strategic planning on corporate performance in University Education: A study of Babcock University. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 2(4): 27-44.
Pearce, B., & Robinson, B. (2017). Strategic planning and small firm growth: An empirical examination. Managing Global Transitions, 2(2), 107.
Phillips, P. A. (2020). The strategic planning/finance interface: Does sophistication really matter? Management Decision, 38(8), 541-549. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740010378273
Porter, A. (1980). Crafting & Executing Strategy. McGraw-Hill Irwin.
Porter, A. (2019). In pursuit of the “ideal approach” to successful marketing strategy implementation. European Journal of Marketing, 41(5/6), 659-677. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560710737679
Prajogo, J. (2016). Strategic planning in SMEs–some empirical findings. Management Decision, 40(9), 853-861. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740210441072
Raduan, S., Pathak, R. D., Shee, H., Kazmi, A., & Parker, D. (2019). Interplay between entrepreneurial characteristics, organisational structure, corporate culture and SME performance: Empirical results from Fiji Islands. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 18(2), 229-246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2013.052076
Ridwan, M. S. & Marti, J. (2022). The study on strategic planning and organisational performance in the regional government owned Banks in Indonesia. International Journal of Humanities and Applied Sciences (IJHAS), 1(3), 98-102.
Sajuyigbe, A. S., Adeyemo, S. A., & Abodunde, S. M (2015). Strategic planning and its effect on organisation. International Journal of Humanities and Applied Sciences, 1(1), 18-32.
Sandada, M., Pooe, D., Dhurup, M. (2024), Strategic planning and its relationship with business performance among small and medium enterprises in South Africa. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 13(3), 115-110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v13i3.8602
Scott, H. (2024). Central problems in the management of innovation. Management Science, 32(5), 590-607. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.32.5.590
Shakar, M. & Shepherd, A. (2019). Managers of small and medium enterprises: Mission statement and enhanced organisational performance. Journal of Management Development, 28(6), 555–562. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710910959729
Siddique, V. (2015). Measurement of business performance in strategy research: A comparison of approaches. Academy of management review, 11(4), 801-814. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/258398
Taiwo, A. A., Agwu, M. E., & Lawal, F. A. (2016). Vision and Mission in Organisation: Myth or Heuristic Device? The International Journal of Business & Management, 4(3), 127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v3i4.15960
Ventkatraman, N. (2019). Defining strategy using vision and mission statements of Croatian organisations in times of crisis. Economic Research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 26(1), 331-342. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2013.11517655
Vitkauskaite, I. (2017). Strategic management of independent film production companies. Chinese Business Review, 16(6), 259-277. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1506/2017.06.001
Wafula, T. (2015). Market orientation, innovativeness, product innovation, and performance in small firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 42(2), 134-154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2004.00102.x
Wang, L. (2024). Diagnosing organisational culture for SME performance. Procedia Economics and Finance, 3, 710- 715. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(12)00218-3
Weihrich, H. (2018). Management. A global and entrepreneurial perspective. McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited.
Wheelen, M. & Hunger, L. (2018). Does strategic planning enhance or impede innovation and firm performance? Journal of Product Innovation Management, 28(4), 503-520. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00822.x
Wijetunge, W. A. D. S., & Pushpakumari, M. D. (2024). The relationship between strategic planning and business performance: An empirical Study of manufacturing SMEs in Western Province in Sri Lanka. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 20(1), 443-450.
Wright, G. & Snell, B. (2015). Competitive advantage revisited: Michael Porter on strategy and competitiveness. Journal of Management Inquiry, 16(3), 256-273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492607306333
Zucker, J. (2017). Mission statements and the small business. Business Strategy Review, 15(3), 41–44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0955-6419.2004.00326.x
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licensing
UMYUK Journal of Economic Research recognizes the importance of protecting authors’ intellectual property while promoting the free exchange of scholarly knowledge. The journal adopts a copyright-retention model that empowers authors to maintain ownership of their work while granting the journal rights necessary for publication and dissemination.
1. Copyright Ownership
Authors publishing with UMYUK Journal of Economic Research retain full copyright and publishing rights to their work. By submitting a manuscript, authors grant the journal a non-exclusive license to publish, reproduce, distribute, and archive the article in all forms and media for scholarly communication.
2. Licensing Terms
All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) License, which permits others to:
· Share – copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
· Adapt – remix, transform, and build upon the material
For non-commercial purposes only, provided that proper credit is given to the original author(s) and UMYUK Journal of Economic Research as the source, a link to the license is provided, and any modifications are clearly indicated.
Commercial reuse or distribution requires written permission from both the author and the editorial office.
3. Author Rights
Authors are free to:
· Deposit all versions of their manuscript (preprint, accepted version, and published version) in institutional, disciplinary, or public repositories without embargo
· Use and distribute their published articles for non-commercial scholarly purposes, including teaching, conference presentations, and research sharing
· Include their work in future books, theses, or compilations, provided proper citation to the journal is made
4. Publisher’s Rights
Upon publication, UMYUK Journal of Economic Research retains the right to:
· Host, index, and disseminate articles through the journal website and partner databases
· Archive content in long-term preservation systems such as the PKP Preservation Network (PKP-PN) and the Umaru Musa Yar’adua University Institutional Repository
5. Attribution and Citation
Users must give appropriate credit to the author(s), include a link to the article DOI or journal webpage, and indicate if changes were made. Proper citation is required whenever the work is reused or referenced.
6. License Reference
Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0):
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/















