Solvent-Dependent Anticoagulant Effects of Combined Garlic (Allium sativum) and Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Extracts in Albino Rat Plasma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2544.013Keywords:
Anticoagulant activity, phytochemicals, solvents, cardiovascular diseases, combined Garlic, RoselleAbstract
Cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease and stroke, are the top killers of people globally, and by 2030, almost 23.6 million people are projected to die from cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the anticoagulant potential of a combined Allium sativum bulb and Hibiscus sabdariffa using different solvent extracts (Methanol, Hexane, Ethyl acetate, and Butanol). Prothrombin time (PT) and Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were assessed using different concentrations of the combined extract (50mg/ml, 75mg/ml, and 100mg/ml) together with positive control (Enoxaheparin), vehicle control, and normal control. There are significant differences in the combined extract between different solvents (P<0.05). At 100mg concentration ethylacetate was found to exibit high prolonged PT and APTT (39.0±2.51s and 48.00±2.4s respectively) followed by methanol (31.0±2.51 and 36.00±6.00s), butanol (24.0±2.00s and 32.60±5.40s) and finally hexane (9.0±2.00s and 0.30±0.07s) respectively compared with vehicle control (0.5% methanol 12.30±0.90s 40.10±2.80s, 0.1% DMSO- hexane fraction for hexane extract 12.20±0.9s 39.70±3.10s, 0.1% DMSO- for ethylacetate, PT 12.30±1.00 APTT 40.30±3.90, 0.5% butanol PT 12.10±1.00s APTT 39.60±3.00s) and normal control (PT 12.60±1.10s APTT 40.80±3.60s) . The ethyl acetate with the longest PT and APTT could be due to the fact that, as a semi-polar solvent, it can extract phytochemicals (both polar and semi-polar), which are known to have anticoagulant properties by inhibiting the synthesis of thromboxane A2, which affects the extrinsic coagulation cascade induced by adenosine diphosphate, arachidonic acid, and collagen. The plant extracts also contain anthocyanins in Roselle and Allicin in garlic (a sulphur-containing compound), thereby enhancing antioxidant and antiplatelet activities. This combined extract has demonstrated potential. However, mechanistic and synergistic interpretations remain speculative and require further biochemical confirmation.
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